Health Care Interview Paper Essay

There are many different professions that one can choose when entering the healthcare field. Nursing is a very popular and needed profession that is vital to care for patients. For this paper I have chosen to interview my younger cousin who currently works for the VA Hospital in Las Vegas, Nevada as a Registered Nurse in the Medical Surgical Unit. I will describe the targeted facility and unit she works for, the type of work done within her unit, any interesting, informative, or specific information related to the chosen unit which makes it unique, and a comprehensive description of my cousin, and her responsibilities. The facility that my cousin works at is The Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital. The purpose of this facility is to fulfill President Lincoln’s promise â€Å"To care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan† by serving and honoring the men and women who are America’s veterans. The particular unit she works for is the Medical Surgical Unit. Some of the types of work done in this unit is to consult and coordinate health care team members to assess, plan, implement, and evaluate patients, write up care plans, prepare and administer (orally, subcutaneously, through IV) prescribed medication and records, report adverse reactions to medication or treatments in accordance with the policy in regards to administration of medications by a licensed registered nurse, educate patients on surgical procedures, record patients’ medical information and vital signs, monitors and adjust any specialized equipment used on patients, monitors and adjusts specialized equipment used on patients, and interprets and records electronic displays. More tasks that are required of her in her unit are initiating corrective action whenever the patient displays adverse symptomatology, she also provides bedside care for a wide variety of medical patients including pre- and post-surgery patients, initiates patient education plan as prescribed by physician which may include teaching patients and significant others how to manage their illness/injury by explaining post-treatment home care needs such as: changes of dressings, insertion of catheters, and starting IVs. Other tasks include preparing equipment, aiding physician during examination and treatment of patient, and participation in discharge planning. All the tasks that she is required to accomplish on a daily basis require that she utilizes time management skills, attention to details, and accurately record all care information concisely and completely in an efficient manner. A very important trait that she must possess is to be adaptable, and have the ability to perform other du ties as assigned. Some interesting, informative, or specific information related to this department that makes it unique are that they cater to the veteran population and an age group that ranges from 50s-90s. She states that working for the VA Hospital she must understand what the veteran have gone through and understand where they are coming from. For instance, she needs to be sensitive to the facts that some of these veterans may suffer from post-traumatic syndrome disorder from war or other causes that may cause them extra stress or anxiety from being cared for in the Medical Surgical Unit. This requires that my cousin needs to not only have the professional skills that she learned in school, but also requires on sense of compassion that cannot being taught, but comes from within. A sense of empathy would also help in this field as it is allows for the nurse to not only care for the patient professionally, but also on a level that allows them to be cared for on a personal level which may help with the healing process as they may feel more important, and receiving better care rather than just being seen as another patient. When I was asked to find a healthcare individual to interview for my paper I chose my younger cousin because she is newer to the field, and would offer the most current description of her field without any bias that some nurses tend to have after working in the field for so long. She started her nursing career at the age of 23, and she does admit that she did have a hard time relating with her patients because of their ages and the types of experiences that some had to deal with. The transition she explains was hard because unlike her at age 23, these patients were sent off to war to protect their country. Many of them didn’t even have the privilege of having an education like she did. Another apparent difference was that her goals were to go to college and advance her career, and her patients’ goals were fighting for our country, and starting a family was insignificant. Now after being a nurse for a few years she was able to learn their point of views. For example, she explains that telling a veteran to be careful when getting up from the bed to go to the bathroom is embarrassing for them. These men have an idea in their head that they’re still that tough guy who can handle anything, and for someone young like her to tell them to be careful, makes them feel inferior and weak. This then becomes a really difficult communication barrier to overcome and it takes time, effort, and compassion to understand them. In my cousins own words, â€Å"It is still my job and my responsibility that these veterans are getting the appropriate care they deserve because that is who I’ve chosen to work for and what the department of veterans affairs stands for.† After my interview with my cousin, I have a new found respect for her, and Medical Surgical Nurses, and those who work with her to care for our Veterans. Not only does she have to handle the difficult, and stressful tasks that she is dealt with everyday, but she also must be able to handle the types of patients that she cares for. These patients have had to go through difficult situations that civilians would never have to endure. A civilian would never have to deal with coming back from a war, and possibly have seen many people die, or have that fear that they may die far from home. Having these types of stress that veterans deal with may make their mentality different from regular patients, and in turn cause difficulty for nurses that need to care for them. Therefore, a patient that is cared for with the compassion that my cousin offers as a nurse is very fortunate, and I know that she must feel as though she is making a difference in the lives of the patients she cares for. As I mentioned in the beginning that there are many fields to choose from in healthcare, but a nurse must be able to offer care both professionally and selflessly on levels that are beyond just caring for patient.

Explanations for Criminal Behaviour

Compare two explanations for criminal behaviour. Crime is simply the behaviour that breaks the law. However, as Standen points out, â€Å"the understanding of what actually constitutes crime varies according to historical, cultural and power dimensions which may rule different behaviours as criminal at different times†, (n. d, p. 1). The most obvious example of this is when the law changes. For example from viewing the list of criminal offences by the Legal Services Commission, aiding suicide became a crime in 1961, yet causing death by dangerous driving did not become a crime until 1988.Criminal behaviour can then be explained as the violation of the criminal code. Usually to be convicted of a crime, an individual needs to have acted deliberately and without justification of their actions. Understanding why crime occurs is a big problem, yet there are certain explanations that can explain criminal behaviour. Modern theories that attempt to explain criminal behaviour emphasise the nature versus nurture debate; genes set the limits on behaviour while the environment forms developments in the limits (Standen n. d: p. 2).Some of these theories put an emphasis on physical features. Sheldon developed somatypes, suggesting that broad and muscular mesomorphs were more likely to be criminals. His findings support the fact that criminals are more likely to be muscular, yet to date it is still unclear what the link is between mesomorphy and crime (Standen n. d: p. 3). Out of the numerous theories that try to explain criminal behaviour, there are two which can explain it more effectively; sociological and psychological. Sociological criminology examines group variables to crime.Bartol and Bartol suggest these variables include age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, personal relationships and ethnic-cultural affiliation (Bartol and Bartol, 2005: p. 5). These variables have important relationships with categories and patterns of crime. For example sociological crim inology has determined that African American males from disadvantaged backgrounds are more represented as perpetrators of homicide. More black people are excluded from school, leading to the notion that young African American males are disproportionately involved in crime.Social class and poverty are involved in research on crime. Most sociological theories emphasise the lower a person’s social class; the more likely they are to display criminal behaviour. For example, a low class person who is living under poor economic conditions is more likely to commit a criminal offence such as burglary to survive. Schools in deprived areas have low academic achievement, which is a characteristic of many offenders. Schools in these areas can fail to engage with challenging pupils, causing them to truant and becoming involved in criminal behaviour.Standen suggests that challenging pupils will eventually fail to achieve the qualifications needed to escape having a criminal career (Standen, n. d: p. 9). Psychological criminology is the science of behaviour and mental processes of the criminal. Bartol and Bartol state that â€Å"whereas sociological criminology focuses on society and groups as a whole, psychological criminology focuses on individual criminal behaviour† (2005: p6). It centres on how criminal behaviour is acquired, maintained and modified.The â€Å"social and personality influences on criminal behaviour are considered along with the mental processes that mediate that behaviour† (Bartol and Bartol, 2005: p. 6). Eysenck developed a psychological theory of crime that suggests neuroticism and extroversion are linked to antisocial behaviour. Eysenck eventually developed the P variable, which was noticed by aggressive and impersonal behaviour. Individuals who score highly on the p variable scale are more likely to display criminal behaviour, for example if a person is abused as a child.Whether it is physically or mentally, the child will develop impersonal behaviour, detaching themselves from their social setting to cope with what is happening to them. Once the child has become detached, this can progress with them to adulthood and cause them to become violent and display criminal behaviour. William Glasser introduced rational choice theory which is seen as the most common reason why criminals do what they do. The theory suggests the offender is completely rational when they make the decision to commit a crime.Within choice theory there are three representations of criminal behaviour; the rational actor where individuals choose whether to do the crime; the predestined actor where criminals cannot control their urges causing them to commit crime and the victimised actor where the offender has been a victim of society. Choice theory therefore offers numerous explanations why a person could offend. Psychological and sociological theories are well represented and explain why criminal behaviour occurs.As suggested by Bartol and Bartol, crime occurs in a social context, so factors like race, ethnicity, gender and social class will always be involved in explaining criminal behaviour. Explaining criminal behaviour improves the understanding of why people commit crime. In the United Kingdom, the police force has been given more authority to tackle criminal behaviour with seizure measures (Whitehead 2011). This could help determine more in depth explanations as to why criminal behaviour occurs, especially in certain social divisions.

Benedict Arnold in the Revolutionary War

With this difficult journey, Arnold and his men's weather conditions, topography and proper water supply are problems. During this difficult journey, Arnold should have written to a reliable Indian scout and brought it to Schuler, but it went to the hands of Britain. The situation was harsh, and some of Arnold's people left and removed the very necessary supplies. Arnold left 600 men and they were forced to reduce consumption of candles, dogs and shoes leather. After they strolled 350 miles of snow and rain, Arnold won the eternal respect of his men and called the Hannibal of the United States. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut. As a freelancer, Arnold was promoted to General Army General during the Revolutionary War. He was dissatisfied with lack of awareness then turned his eyes to the UK and plans to surrender to West Point. When his rebellious plan was revealed, Arnold escaped capture and eventually traveled to the UK. He died in London on 14 Ju ne 1801. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut. Arnold 's father was a successful businessman and young Benedict was educated at a private school. After his three children died of yellow fever, Benedictine senior began to drink alcoholily and fell into the era of economic difficulties. Little Benedict left the apprenticeship of the pharmacist When the revolutionary war began, Benedict Arnold became a prosperous ship owner, businessman and businessman. Within a few days, Arnold again had a strong interest in war and joined the US military. All the fight Arnold ordered showed great courage and courage, but as he betrayed the Americans, soon he was called the greatest traitor in the United States. With the outbreak of a revolutionary war, Benedict Arnold voluntarily decided to lead more than 1,000 males to Maine. He asked other people in the company to join the army. Arnold then became Captain of the Connecticut militia. General George Washington has his favorite, Arnold is one of the few. As a result, Benedict Arnold was sent from Washington to the 500-mile hell parade in Maine State (also known as Rock). (Mac 7 2) Only about 50% of Benedict Arnold former soldiers came to the St. Lawrence River where they met General Montgomery

Flower Marketing Channels Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Flower Marketing Channels - Case Study Example The case study "Flower Marketing Channels" analyzes the role of the traditional wholesaler in the marketing channels and the factors it is influenced by. The role of the traditional wholesaler in the marketing channels is influenced by a number of factors. Firstly a number of retailers prefer to personally make selections of flowers that they would then go and resell directly to the end consumers. If this is difficult for some reasons they should have a lot of confidence in the ability by the wholesaler to make the selections on their behalf. This makes the traditional wholesaler a very important player in the distribution channels since retailers would value having a trustworthy and reliable wholesaler nearby. The importance of the traditional wholesaler comes into play again to ensure a constant flow of products in large varieties to the retailers. The wholesaler plays an important role of repackaging and providing the required assortments and sizes for the retailers. The twenty-first century has seen significant channels occur in terms of factors underlying the distribution and marketing channels in floricultural products. An important force behind the changes comes in form of evolution in the methods of transportation and communication. both the retailer and consumer in the 21st century is now able to directly source the product flower growers via the mobile phone or using a broker on the internet, thanks to technology. There is also the option of using other intermediary resellers.

Literature Review- Discuss some of the historical,social,economic and Essay

Literature Review- Discuss some of the historical,social,economic and political reasons many Quebecois support the notion of a s - Essay Example The more intriguing aspect is the whole issue of Quebec’s cultural distinctiveness, and that lack of this recognition places Quebecers as disadvantaged in many respects in favor of the English-Canadian majority. Based on this is a fight for cultural survival (Young et al, 1996). Historically, the fact that Canada’s foundation as a colony of France and thereby, the undying influence of French-Canadian culture, it is widely explanatory for Canada to exist without Quebec. However, a number of people profoundly assert that independence of Quebec would ensure that there are legislations that would secure Quebecers culture (Flett. et al., 1999). In addition, there is the increasing question as to whether Quebec’s independence and sovereignty would bridge the gap between the cultural nations that exist in the larger Canada, while ensuring equality and stability in Canada in a manner that no section is marginalized (Young et al, 2000). Socially, Canada is the envy of the world’s democracies due to its elaborate provision of quality of life, rights, and liberties to its citizens, both English-speaking and French-speaking. In this case, those opposed to separation use this argument to claim that separation of Quebec from Canada will not only divide them from their historical homeland, but also will lead to Quebecers losing the health and other human services that comprise the world’s most successful social structure. However, proponents of separation argue that the separation will only create a new political state but Quebec will continue relating with Canada diplomatically. Economically, the issues that have been raised revolve around monetary policy, currency, international trade, and relations (Carens, 1995). These factors, coupled with the need of Quebec to engage in international free trade, have upset the status quo. Political reasons surrounding the separation debates are many. One of the obvious political events that inform Queb ec’s need for sovereignty lies in the political movements that support separation (Flett. et al., 1999). Secondly, the Referendum outcome might have angered the Quebecers. In this case, Flett et al. (1999) observe that residents of Canada went through an ‘extraordinary turmoil’ on October 30, 1995, when the province, Quebec, conducted a referendum of separation from the larger Canada. They assert that the possibility that Quebec would likely secede was a real threat to the English Speaking Canadians (Bumsted, 1993). Flett et al (1999) observe that, since opinion polls had indicated that indeed Quebec would separate, the rest of Canadians were threatened and ‘distressed’ until the results were announced. It was in this threat that Young et al (1998) observe as seeing many Canadians participating in pre-referendum campaign championing for national unity, a move that is seen to have influenced that result at 50.4%. The authors argue, however, that the r esult was highly dramatized and this has been one of the reasons that have fueled Quebec’s constant need to secede (Flett et al., 1999). Despite the failure of separation to materialize, the Canadian Federal Government is aware that a number of people still fancy such separation, driven by the resulting economic and political benefits. Therefore, they tried to formulate another deal with the Quebec people such as the Constitution Act of 1982, an act that included,

The importance of project plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The importance of project plan - Essay Example Planning a project involves the final project and all the support activities that assist in accomplishing the finished work. It also includes all the engineering, acquisition work and the management processes of the project. Any documentation and technical or non technical exchange of knowledge with the contractors also form part of the planning stage. Planning of any project also involves the cost estimates of the tools, facilities, consultancy, labor and interproject coordination that are involved while carrying out the project. Scheduling of a project involves identifying the internal dependencies and other external dependencies with a view of finding out how the sequence of events will follow in the completion of the project. It also involves identifying any constraints so that a project manager is able to give a window for unforeseen events. Scheduling can be done through using the Critical Path Analysis and the Gantt charts. Good and proper administrative work assist also in keeping records which can be used for future reference, they can act as tools for evaluation and a very effective way of communication. Any project manager must be able to do a documentation of the resources that they are using such as the schedule, quality, resources and the cost documentation of the whole project. A schedule document is a document that entails all the activities of the project as they are undertaken, when they should start and when they are expected to end. This information is usually represented in form of networ k diagrams; bar charts and tabular reports. Such kind of charts includes the Critical Path Analysis charts and the Gantt charts (Tinnirello 2000, 42). Cost documentation should also be undertaken to find out the cost effectiveness of a project .It involves documenting the actual expenses against the planned expenses in form of table up to a given point of the project. An S- curve is also normally drawn and it usually shows the differences in the actual expenditure and planned expenditure of the project. Quality documentation is also an important aspect of any project management. It deals with checking the quality of the work whether the work meets the set specifications or the customers set standards. The quality of work is normally reflected in form of diagrams, charts and matrices. The charts show the past and future performances of the work done .Other diagrams that are used include the Pareto, line and scatter graphs and these diagrams are normally show errors as they have occurred. Resource documentation refers to assigning and usage facilities, tools and supplies made .The usage of organizational charts and resource reports are used by the project managers to identify how they are being used. A project manger must be able to allocate and schedule tasks at the same time and where there are more resources than required, then the tasks must be scheduled. Resource leveling is a methodology that is used for rescheduling thus reducing potential conflicts. Quality Standards Quality refers to the ability of a project to conform to the set specifications or whether the project meets the standards set by the customer. Conformance means that control measures in developing a project must be put into place so that

The Illusion of Taking Charge Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Illusion of Taking Charge - Term Paper Example The Fifth Discipline withstands this acid test. It has turned theoreticians into practical individuals. Spiritual bent in Senge’s writings is clearly seen. He gives lots of importance to the inner world of the individual, while explaining the limitations of materialists in chasing the secular goals. Learning organization means a progressive organization, a rebel against the traditional methods and willing to learn and move forward. It visualizes the threats well in time and makes use of the new opportunities. It knows value of the empowering approach. â€Å"In his prominent book, The Fifth Discipline, Senge identified some learning disabilities associated with the failure to think systemically. He classified them under the following headings: I am my position" "The enemy is out there" "The illusion of taking charge" "The fixation on events" "The parable of the boiled frog" "The delusion of learning from experience" (1990, pp. 17 - 26) I have been affected by the disability re lated to the illusion of taking charge: How I have been personally impacted by this disability. They say, tomorrow never comes, today it may be too late, do it just now. I am working for an export organization and the issue was about getting my passport ready, as instructed by my Export Manager. The Company has short-listed the names of certain employees and he told me that I was one from the Export Division of the company being considered for a study-tour of some Import Establishments in America. He told me to keep my passport and other papers ready. I presumed that the chance may not be forthcoming soon, and went on postponing my planned visit to the Passport Office. In fact, I had requested one of my friends staying near the Passport Office (the office is about 30 kilometers from our Organization) but did not pursue it effectively. My friend must have forgotten about my request. When, after a fortnight, my Export Manager, enquired about the passport for officially routing though the visa application, with a sorry face I had to tell him that I did not do anything about it. The issue was immediate and my two colleagues left for the foreign tour of three months. With the self-imposed denial of this opportunity, my chances of future promotion in the office were also affected. How the organization that I work for has has been impacted by this disability I believe my failure in this passport episode is my inability to think systematically. I should have acted, the very moment, that I got the information from my Export Manager, for getting the Passport ready. Though my Organization was not affected badly, to some extent its impact was there. I was specializing in export-related issues of the company and my two friends-colleagues who went to USA were not experts in that area, but the Management had to send some representatives. My negligence to carry out the instructions well in time came to the notice of the top management, and naturally they were not happy about it. Senge writes, â€Å"The illusion of taking charge being â€Å"proactive† is in vogue. Managers frequently proclaim the need for taking charge in facing difficult problems.†(p.20)Through this incident, I have experienced the truth of this statement. How was the disability overcome Senge writes, "Generative Learning cannot be sustained in an organization if people's thinking is dominated by short-term events. If we focus on events, the best we can ever do is predict an event before it happens so that we can react optimally. But we

Critical evaluation of leadership values, attitudes and behaviours and Essay

Critical evaluation of leadership values, attitudes and behaviours and their impact on others and the organisation - Essay Example Leadership, unlike management, is about identifying with the intangibles of human behaviour and attitude and attempting to apply empathetic and considerate policies and procedures to improve interpersonal relationship development and to facilitate individual development, thus improving human capital advantages within the organisation, through such practices as coaching and mentoring. Having provided an understanding of leadership and its primary definition, it should be reinforced that only a reflective leader is one that will consistently improve and be able to identify with the diverse psychological, sociological, and tangible needs of employees as it pertains to their role within the organisation. One methodology of ensuring reflection as ongoing, cyclical practice is the 360 degree feedback system, a process of engaging multiple stakeholders to provide meaningful feedback about attitude, behaviour and performance of a peer or subordinate to give a broader and more accurate view o f where an individual requires development or improvement. ... This project attempts, based on research findings and personal reflection, to establish a best practice model of leadership through engagement with multi-rater feedback processes that can provide benefit to the organisation and its staff population. Nature of current leadership agenda The NHS has established a quality agenda that underpins success for health care professionals. According to the NHS, this includes â€Å"lifelong learning for health professionals and modern systems of professional self-regulation† (NHS 2012, p.2). Quality, as it pertains to leadership development, therefore involves being able to continuously improve and engage in reflective practice to improve health care delivery and reduce variations that impact quality of care. The NHS recognises that effective and competent leadership is a fundamental aspect of building efficiencies and productivity in health care delivery and building capacity for quality outputs. Before establishing a competency framework for effectual leadership practices, it is necessary to define leadership at its foundation. â€Å"A leader is one who selects, equips, trains, and influences one or more follower(s) who have diverse gifts, abilities, and skills and focuses the follower(s) to the organization’s mission and objectives causing the follower(s) to willingly and enthusiastically expend spiritual, emotional, and physical energy in a concerted coordinated effort to achieve the organizational mission and objectives† (Winston and Patterson 2006, p.7). By this definition, a competency framework for leadership development is achievable, through first understanding that leadership is about maintaining influence to engage stakeholder behavioural changes or improvements,

Hyperthyroidism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hyperthyroidism - Research Paper Example It can be treated in a variety of ways, with the doctor deciding the best method of treatment after studying the age, history and cause of the disease of individual patients . The disease is more common in women than in men and rarely affects children below 15 years of age.It is estimated that about 1% of the US population has hyperthyroidism. It is most often seen in elderly people who are over 60 years of age in the form of thyroid nodules that are lumps in the thyroid gland. The condition is treated with anti-thyroid drugs, surgery, or radioactive iodine. People with hyperthyroidism can live normal, active lives with regular monitoring and medical care. The human endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones that are released into the bloodstream and maintain the body’s metabolism.The endocrine glands are the main hormone producing glands in the human body. The thyroid gland in the neck is one of the glands of the endocrine system, the pituitary gland in the b rain is another. The pituitary gland which is about the size of a pea, is located at the base of the brain. It is often referred to as the master gland because it controls several glands in the endocrine system. ... Iodine is a very important component of the thyroid hormone. When the thyroid gland produces too much of the thyroid hormone, it results in a condition known as Hyperthyroidism commonly known as overactive thyroid. It is sometimes called thyrotoxicosis which is the technical term for too much thyroid hormone in the blood. The term hyperthyroidism refers to a group of disorders that are associated with increased levels of thyroid hormone in the blood. â€Å"Hyperthyroidism affects 2.5 million people in the United States, but could affect up to 4.5 million people because more than half of the people with thyroid disease don't know they have it. Although it occurs at all ages, hyperthyroidism is most likely to occur after the age of 15.†(Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative medicine 2005) The term hyperthyroidism is used to refer to diseases that are caused due to excessive production of the hormones produced in the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland produces two hormones - One contain ing 4 units of iodine called Thyroxin (T4) and the other called triiodothyronine (T3) which contains three units of iodine. These two hormones regulate the body's metabolic rate by helping to form protein ribonucleic acid (RNA) and increasing oxygen absorption in every cell. An increase in metabolic activity, is how cells respond to the thyroid hormone. Metabolic activity, or metabolism, refers to the processes in the body that produce energy. The chemical substances necessary for cells to grow, divide, to form new cells, and perform other vital functions are all processes included under the term metabolism . Metabolism controls the rate at which cells burn fuels from food to produce energy. Increase

The Changing Role of National oil companies in the international Dissertation

The Changing Role of National oil companies in the international energy Market - Dissertation Example Oil prices increased in recent years from about $20 to about $100 per barrel, thereby expanding profits for many national and international oil companies. With decreasing supply and increasing demands for oil, oil companies have been competing with each other to seek more substantive oil sources. The fact that majority of oil reserved are under government control is giving a major advantage for national oil companies on access to oil sources. Having control over these oil reserves has also brought about greater pressure for oil companies, mostly pressure in relation to their national roles and responsibilities, especially those which relate to supply and demand, globalization challenges, physical security, and international oil competition. 1.2 Background of the problem National oil companies are oil companies which are partially or wholly owned by national governments. Recent surveys from the United States Energy Information Administration indicate that about 52% of oil companies ar e nationally owned; and about 88% of oil reserved is controlled by national oil companies (Energy Information Administration, 2009). National oil companies (NOCs) have become dominant in recent years and in relation to international oil corporations, including ExxonMobil, BP, and Royal Dutch Shell, their dominance has gained much momentum. These NOCs have also increased their investments outside their borders. Some corporations have even abandoned their investments in various countries, as was the case for ExxonMobil abandoning its million dollar investments in the Orinoco basin in Venezuela (Mommer, 2001). This decision was caused by the breakdown of negotiations between the international oil companies on one side and President Hugo Chavez and Petroleos de Venezula (PDV) on the other (Kalicki and Goldwyn, 2005). Other international oil companies, including Total SA of France, Statoil of Norway, BP from Britain, and Chevron from the US agreed to raise the PDV share in the Orinoco pr ojects from 40% to 78% (Oil Daily, 2007). Under these conditions, ConocoPhillips found this decision very much unfavourable to their interests. The company was able to detect about 1.1 billion barrels of reserves from their interests in Venezuela and this represented about 10% of their total reserve holdings, and their Venezuela interests was equivalent to 4% of their total crude oil reserves (Oil Daily, 2007). ConocoPhillips suffered $4.5 billion dollar write-off under these conditions and was unable to meet its targets; as a result, its shares suffered a beating in the stock market (Oil Daily, 2007). On the part of Venezuela, PDV was able to increase its reserves and its production activities; as a result, it gained more power in the international oil market (Pirog, 2007). Venezuela has a major share in the crude oil imports of the US and their oil flow is not directly controlled by their government (Pirog, 2007). These conditions however, may not allow the crude oil market to fol low and be influenced by economic market dictates. The ranking of oil companies can be determined through various considerations. Various standards have to be used in order to evaluate the changing qualities of oil companies. In addition, investments in explorations and development are major considerations linking the present to the future, ensuring significant expansions for the company and preventing the depletion of reserves

Strategic HRM Planning Process Essay Example for Free

Strategic HRM Planning Process Essay I have gathered information over the last five weeks about department policies and best practices pertaining to ethical and diversity considerations. Based on these findings, the following proposal is presented to improve the strategic planning process. Diversity and ethics are buzzwords and are used frequently around the workplace. There are areas within both where making small changes could result in large benefits for the company’s HR strategic planning process. These considerations are important for the strategic plan because they encourage a positive company culture and decrease legal risks that could otherwise result in the demise of the company. Diversity As a restaurant and bar located in the middle of a military-base town, our personnel records indicate management has been hiring primarily a specific demographic type (women ages 18-30). Management has hired this demographic type over other demographic types more qualified. Even in an effort to appeal to specific customers, this bias can come off as discriminative and reflect negatively on the company. Two areas in need of consideration are appearance-based discrimination and age-based discrimination. ABC Restaurant Pub, unlike Hooters or certain other establishments, is not protected with a bona-fide occupational qualification defense (BFOQ). Even though our company has not been presented with a legal issue in this regard it does not mean we are not vulnerable. It is in the best interest of our strategic HRM planning process to implement a Diversity Awareness Training Program and redesign the hiring process to minimize this bias from occurring during hiring. Proposed Action The first step is to design a Diversity Awareness Training Program for managers that promotes a positive work environment. The training program explains the current equal employment laws and regulations and the benefits of a diverse workforce. Importantly, the training program helps reteach the managers how to recruit, hire, train, and promote based on qualifications and not strictly appearance or age. Each manager will receive the initial two-hour training and then attend an annual diversity-training refresher, thereafter. The second step is to redesign the hiring processes. Currently, the restaurant accepts both electronic and paper applications. However, I propose we only accept electronic applications. Paper applications allow the manager to place a face with a name, before the manager is able to read his or her qualifications. Whereas electronic applications allow the manager to read the facts (qualifications and experience) first. In addition to switching to electronic only applications, I recommend candidates to be interviewed by a three-person panel. Because the restaurant is limited in management, the panel interview should consist of at least one manager, and supervisors or head servers and ideally contain both men and women. Panel interviews minimize discrimination and favoritism. Benefits Legal Benefits: Compliance with EEO and Affirmative Action legislative and minimizes lawsuits allowing the company to evolve and reach its long-term goals. Diverse Customer Base: A diverse workforce appeals to a diverse customer base. Broadening customer base often brings more revenue. Variety of Viewpoints: A more diverse workforce brings more diverse ideas and experiences to the table. Diverse ideas can lead to an increase in creativity, innovation, and productivity. Ethical Consideration Currently, we are a company with a high-turnover rate, in an industry with a high-turnover rate. Over time application of our promotion policies have slowly diminished. Employee reviews are not conducted within a specified timeframe, if at all. Qualifications for promotions are not specific. Employees have different perspectives on performance expectations. It is critical for the promotion process to be fair, transparent, and systematic (Buzz, 2012). Not only is this illegal and can lead to discrimination claims but it is unfair and not motivating for the employees. I believe it is important for the strategic management planning process to implement fair and concise promotion processes because it is the key to advancing and retaining good employees. Retaining good employees leads to an increase in motivation and productivity. Proposed Action The first step is to publicize promotional openings so every employee is aware of advancement opportunities. Making this information available to everyone limits discrimination claims. The second step is to implement a strict employee review program. It is recommended to have a midyear meeting as well as an end of year review. The midyear meeting can address any issues or opportunities. Issues should be addressed regularly through the second half of the year. This is a time to be honest and ask the employee how they think they are doing, and any goals they may have for the next year. The end of the year review is to discuss compensation, bonuses, and promotion. There should be no surprises for the employee. The third step is to decide a specific salary increases guidelines for employees. Salary decisions must be based on performance and documented. Benefits Improve Employee Motivation- Motivation increases when opportunities are fairly distributed. Increase Productivity- Employees are more productive when challenged and financially rewarded. Lower Turnover- Employees tend to stay longer with a company they feel their efforts are recognized and advancement is available. Minimize Discrimination Suits – Closing It is my belief that making the aforementioned improvements are important to ABC Restaurant Pubs human resource management strategic planning process. Together the improvements will minimize legal issues, increase productivity, improve employee motivation, and diversify the customer base, all of which are important to develop a competitive advantage in the industry.

The Importance of Raw Material in Cement Industry Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Raw Material in Cement Industry Essay Raymond mill adopts the advanced structures of similar products from home and abroad, and gets improved on the basis of Raymond mills in the same industry. It is more efficient than ball mill, which also has the advantages of low power consumption, small floor space and one-time investment. The cement industry has closely relation with Raymond raw materials. Raymond the pros and cons of raw materials is an important factor to determine the product quality is good or bad. Raymond amount of raw materials determines the size of the production scale. Generally produce one ton of cement consumed 1. 6 tons of Raymond raw materials. And mostly natural Raymond raw materials. Therefore. Dependence Raymond raw materials is essentially dependent on natural resources. Taiwan in the cement clinker, c; s, c2s, c3A and ctAp four major minerals, calcium components provided by the calcareous Raymond materials, silicon aluminum composition of the raw clay. In addition, according to the needs of the production process of product varieties need to join the iron correction Raymond raw materials. Usually in the raw meal calcareous Raymond raw materials accounted for about 80%. The clayey Raymond raw materials accounted for 20 to 15 percent. Therefore. The the calcareous Raymond raw materials and clay Raymond raw materials essentially determine the performance of the raw material. In addition, the cement production process, sometimes adding some auxiliary materials, such as in the raw meal by adding mineralizer flux burn ability phase-liquid nature to improve the raw material, plus nearly grinding aids to improve the mill Yang grinding efficiency; add to squat together material common Yang grinding to improve the performance of cement and increase cement production; added retarder to adjust the setting time of cement clinker. The cement industry care there are three types of solid fuel, liquid and gaseous fuels. The solid fuel is the main fuel of the current members of the cement industry, commonly used in bituminous coal and anthracite. Liquid fuels for heavy oil. R shortage of fuel resources and in order to save energy, In addition to the production of special cement. The burning oil into methane coal. Gas preserves materials in the natural gas, cement industry to natural gas as fuel, is not yet universal. Technically advanced, economic death is reasonable. Is a kind of useful development of the fuel of the future and needs of comprehensive development.

Historical Influences on Architecture of Süleymaniye Mosque

Historical Influences on Architecture of Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque How has diverse cultures and architecture throughout history influenced the architecture of the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque? The main issue that will be covered by the author in this thesis is the question of how different cultures and architectural styles have influenced the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque’s design and structure. The reason for this investigation is to identify features, which have been acquired from other cultures, and also the way in which Architect Sinan developed an architectural style that was also influenced through the use of other landmark buildings around him such as the Hagia Sophia. Having said this, it is important to identify his engineering expertise, which will be discussed further in the second chapter of the thesis. It will be useful to also have a look at the influence that Architect Sinan acquired during his lifetime through other architectures and whether he has reflected these onto the making of the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque. The initial section of the thesis will be centered on familiarizing the reader with the history of Mosques respectively and how they have transformed over time up until the Ottoman Empire, as well as during the age of Sinan; where his style and works will be discussed. This will give the reader an understanding of how the stylistic and structural characteristics of traditional forms have developed over time and evolved into Ottoman Mosques and consequently the Suleymaniye. Which brings us onto the second chapter of the thesis. As mentioned, the second section will largely cover the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque’s history, function and structure. It is important to note that the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque has been through restoration many times due to earthquakes (which are a common occurrence in Istanbul) and wars, and how this has changed certain aspects of the building. The author will also look into whether or not the mosque has adapted to the changing times and social needs which the passing of time has brought with itself. Further, as seen from the table of contents, the functionality of the mosque will also be explored. As part of a larger complex, also known as the ‘Suleymaniye complex’, the Suleymaniye is a small but important part of this complex which also bears with it different functionalities. These will be described, as it will also give more of an insight into the possible changing nature of the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque through the acquisition of different functionalities within the comp lex itself. The structure is a major feature within the mosque, as it was influenced over time by many cultures and architectures such as the Hagia Sophia again, and Palladio, as well as influencing other architecture such as Michel angelos dome found above the roof of St Peters, Rome. The third chapter will initially look into the influence of other cultures such as the Islamic influence, the influence of the Byzantine Empire as well as the Barque-Style. However, as Turkey is wholly an Islamic country, and has been an Islamic country for many years pre-dating the Ottoman era, it is clear that the main influence will be the Islamic culture. However, it is important to also look into other cultural influences especially since people from other cultures also populate Turkey. Istanbul itself has been a city which seen the presence of people from different countries and or cultures brought by war etc. The issue of diverse cultural influences will arise within this study when we talk about the structure of the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque and its characteristics as different parts have been influenced or attained from a variety of different cultures. The Mosque has merged Islamic and Byzantine architectural elements. Within the final chapter of the thesis, the author will consider the influential effect of other architecture on the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque. Again, culture will be prevalent in this chapter too in order to understand how architecture is of an influence. For example, Architect Sinan has combined tall, slender towers with large domed buildings reinforced by half domes in the style of the Byzantine churchHagia Sophia. Many other styles from other cultures are evident within the Mosque, for example when the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque was destroyed by afire in 1660and was restored on the command of sultan Mehmed IV by architect FossatÄ ±. However the restoration changed the mosque into a more baroque style architecture. Taking elements from foreign cultures and religions and combining them into something original can be recognized in the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque. The originality of the great Ottoman mosques did not develop by removing all the foreign influences; instead it is a mixture that developed by the procedure of integration of foreign culture by the Turks of Byzantine culture. This is the symbol of the Ottoman Empire, a multiracial, multilingual, and multicultural empire. This will cast an understanding on the history of the Mosques and Ottoman Architecture that will hence lead to a conclusion of the influences on the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque. The sources mentioned in the bibliography will be of great use in acquiring the relevant information. These can be accessed through the web. The thesis will also require looking beyond these articles and books, as a site visit is required. The Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque The Sà ¼leymaniye mosque was built in Istanbul between 1550 and 1557. It is the largest of the Ottoman building enterprises and is regarded as one of Architect Sinan’s (Mimar Sinan) most famous masterpieces, as well as one of the most important examples of Ottoman architecture. Sinan was born in the last decade of the sixteenth century. Being enrolled as a teenager into the Janissary Corps that is a school for apprentices, he advanced his, carpentry, aarchitectural and engineering skill. Sinan served in various military roles during the reign of Suleyman the Magnificent, where he gradually developed approval for his engineering skills and achievements. During the Moldavian campaign was when Sinan was chosen to be the chief architect by the Prime Minister, Lutfi Pasha. Sinan was the chief architect for almost fifty years and was responsible for the design, construction and restoration of over 400 buildings, of which the Suleymaniye being one of the most important. During his t ime as chief architect, he contributed to theà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨formation of an architecture thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨is now recognized as ‘Ottoman Architecture’. His most innovative blends andà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨interpretations of forms were reservedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨for the mosques he built for Sultans. [1] Due to the experiences he gained through the practical aspects of his architectural life as well as his travels, he developed a reputation of an innovative designer of mosques and domed structures, which he then applied to the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque. Out of all of Sinan’s works, the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque aimed to exceed any other imperial mosque in beauty and size, which in most people’s opinions was a success. In the late 1540’s, the Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent ordered Sinan to build a mosque within a kulliye (complex of buildings adjacent to a mosque). Just like most imperial mosques, the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque is more than just a place of worship. The complex consisted of various social, religious and educational functions such as schools, a hospital, a caravanserai, Turkish baths, and more.[2] The mosque is located on the Old Palace, on a hill overlooking the Golden Horn. The mosque is symbolic in the city of Istanbul, as it sits on the highest hill, thus implies the power and strength of the Turkish Ottoman Empire. The complex was planned as a great centre of learning comprising of madrasas (a School for Islamic instruction) for studies in theology and holy law and medicine. Wide walkways surround the complex, where the outer sides consist of two rows of madrasas on the longer sides and social service buildings along the third side. Over time their has been additions of furth er buildings into the complex such as the hadith college, which have resulted in a lack of symmetry within the complex by attempting to adapt the buildings into older street networks. The mosque is located at the centre of the complex positioned towards the qiblah (direction of the Mecca, south-east). Around the mosque is a spacious courtyard measuring 44 by 58 meters, which has a fountain in the middle and a minaret in each corner, with a colonnaded peristyle with columns of marble, granite and porphyry.[3] The courtyard surrounded by an arched colonnade is a standard feature of Ottoman imperial mosques. Some of the marble and granite columns used for the Suleymaniye were collected from an old Byzantine Hippodrome, and from other locations in the city. In addition many materials where also collected from Roman and Byzantine buildings in Greece, Egypt, and other parts of the Ottoman Empire. This shows the diversity of cultures involved in the aesthetical and structural features with in the mosques design. The courtyard is enclosed on three sides by stonewalls, through the windows of which the sanctuary and funerary garden may be viewed. The fourth side has no wall built, allowing a panoramic view of the city and Golden horn. The minarets of the Suleymaniye have a total of 10 balconies; this was due to Suleyman the Magnificent being the 10th Ottoman sultan. Two taller minarets both frame the forecourt and mark the entrance to the interior space of worship where the sidewalls of the forecourt meet the mosque.[4] The mosque has many structural characteristics that resemble the Hagia Sophia. Sinan knew the Hagia Sophia well as he contributed to its preservation. For almost 500 yearsByzantine architecturesuch as the church of Hagia Sophia functioned as models for many of the Ottoman mosques including the Sà ¼leymaniye. [5] Although both were constructed in very different times, one representing the Christian-Byzantine Empire and the other representing the capability of the architect Sinan and the Islamic-Ottoman Empire, they have similarities as the Hagia Sophia influenced the Suleymaniye. Similar to the Hagia Sophia four giant piers hold up the main domes over a square plan. However the reinforcement system is much more complex ‘two half-domes stand on the axis of qiblah and hugearched walls filled with windows stand on the cross-axis’. The multiple domes and the arches supporting them also help to strengthen and distribute the weight of the massive central dome.[6] As well as th e columns being an essential part of the complex dome and support system of the mosque, it also had significant symbolic value religiously, symbolically and also architecturally. Although this supports the idea of influence of Hagia Sophia on the mosque, it also shows that the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque remains a unique piece of architecture due to its complexity, from the clashing aspects Sinan applied to the mosque. Taking elements from foreign cultures and religions and combining them into something original can be recognized in the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque just by examining at the structural qualities and materials. The originality of the great Ottoman mosques did not appear by removing all the foreign influences, nor can it merely be reduced to the Byzantine style. It is a mixture that developed by the procedure of integration of foreign culture by the Turks of Byzantine culture. This is what Ottoman Empire is, a multiracial, multilingual, and multicultural empire, which is what will b e explored further throughout this study. Bibliography: 1. Cansever, Turget. The Architecture of Mimar Sinan. Architectural Design. V. 74. n. 6. Nov/Dec 2004. pg 64-70. 2. Celebi, Sai Mustafa. Book of Buildings: Memoirs of Sinan the Architect. Kocbank: Istanbul, 2002. pg. 68. 3. Freely, John and Augusto Romano Burelli. Sinan: Architect of Suleyman the Magnificent and the Ottoman Golden Age. Thames Hudson: London, 1992. pg. 15-18, 26-33, 44-45, 74-77, 123-137. 4. Goodwin, Godfrey. Sinan: Ottoman Architecture and Its Values Today. Redwood Press Limited. Great Britain, 1993. Pgs. 33-45. 5. Nelipuglu, Gulru. The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire. Reaktion Books: London, 2005. pg. 207-221. 6. Yayinlari, Ege. Sinan: An Interpretation. Istanbul, Turkey, 1997. Pgs. 28-30. 7. Grabar, Oleg, ed. 1990. Muqarnas Volume VII: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Page 92 8. Art History, Volume I: Prehistoric-1400, pgs 520 – 522 9. Sinan and Palladio: two cultures and nine squares,International journal of architectural heritage, vol. 6, no. 1, 2012 Jan./Feb., pgs. 1-18. 10. The Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque: a computational fractal analysis of visual complexity and layering in Sinans masterwork, ARQ: architectural research quarterly, vol. 16, no. 2, 2012 June, p. 171-182. 11. World architecture : the masterworks / Will Pryce, London : Thames and Hudson, 2009.Pgs 193 – 195 12. Special issue. Mimar Sinan: the urban vision, Environmental design, vol. 5, no. 5/6 (1/2), 1987, p. 6-221. [1] The Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque: a computational fractal analysis of visual complexity and layering in Sinans masterwork vol. 16, no. 2, 2012 June, p. 171-173 [2] Grabar, Oleg, ed. 1990. Muqarnas Volume VII: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Page 92 [3] World architecture : the masterworks / Will Pryce,London : Thames and Hudson, 2009. Pg.193 [4] The Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque: a computational fractal analysis of visual complexity and layering in Sinans masterwork vol. 16, no. 2, 2012 June, p. 174 [5] Art History, Volume I: Prehistoric-1400, page 522. [6] World architecture : the masterworks / Will Pryce,London : Thames and Hudson, 2009. Pg.193

Labor and Childbirth - The Event of a Lifetime Essay -- Observation Ess

Childbirth - The Event of a Lifetime A description can never be as vivid as an event that has been experienced. An experience can never be as defining as an event that has left you changed. Under the intensity of childbirth, you're more likely to remember details that would otherwise go unnoticed. All the scenes come together to leave a permanent imprint on the mind's eye. The hospital room holds all the usual scenery: rooms lining featureless walls, carts full of foreign devices and competent looking nurses ready to help whatever the need be. The side rails of the bed smell of plastic. The room is enveloped with the smell of plastic. A large bed protrudes from the wall. It moves from one stage to the next, with the labor, so that when you come to the "bearing" down stage, the stirrups can be put in place. The side rails of the bed provide more comfort than the hand of your coach, during each contraction. The mattress of the bed is truly uncomfortable for a woman in so much pain. The eager faces of your friends and family staring at your half naked body seem to be acceptabl...

Modern Interpretation of The First Amendment Essay -- essays papers

Modern Interpretation of The First Amendment The first Amendment of the United States Constitution says; â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.†[1] Our fore fathers felt that this statement was plain enough for all to understand, however quite often the United States government deems it necessary to make laws to better define those rights that are stated in the Constitution. Today the framers would be both encouraged and discouraged by our modern interpretation the First Amendment the United States Constitution. A great deal of bills have been written and passed as legislation under the pretense that they would better outline the citizen’ rights and ensure their freedoms. Yet occasionally these laws are created with disregard to what is stated in our Constitution. At times they distort and twist the original meaning of the work, counter acting the purpose of creating the Amendments. The intention of Amendments was to be an outline of the rights of the people. They were to ensure that there would not be a repeat of what the framers had experienced when they set out on their mission to draft a document that would govern our country for years to come. Little by little our elected officials have been discounting our Constitution. There are many resulting repercussions; the most dear to everyone being the individuals rights. The end result of these interpretations being that our people are hurt, as we are slowly being stripped of our rights as U.S. citizens. There are two freedoms that seem to cause the most contention, the first being freedom of press and the second being the freedom of religion. â€Å" It remains to be noted that none of the great constitutional rights of conscience, however vital to a free society is absolute in character. Thus, while the constitutional guarantee of freedom of religion goes a long way, it does not serve to protect acts judged to be morally licentious, such as poly amorous marriages. Children cannot be required to execute the flag salute which is forbidden by religious belief†¦ Similarly freedom of speech, often defended by the courts, does not extend to the seditious utteran... ... Through the years many changes have taken place, and technologies have been discovered, yet our Constitution remains. Some say that the Constitution was written for people hundreds of years ago, and in turn is out of step with the times. Yet its principals and guidelines have held thus far. The framers would be pleases that their great planning and thought have been implemented up until this point. However this does not compensate for the fact, that the we the people have empowered the government more so than our fore fathers had intended. Citizens were entrusted with the duty to oversee the government, yet so many times they are disinterested and only seem to have an opinion when the government’s implications affect them. As time has changed so has the American people, we often interpret our freedoms in a self serving manner, disregarding the good of the whole and also the good for the future. Thus there are no true flaws in the Constitution, it appears that the confli ct emerges in the individual and their self, and poses question when we must decide when to compromise the morals that our Constitution was founded on, or when to stick to what we know is right and honest.

Compressor Stall :: Essays Papers

Compressor Stall Gas turbine engine performance is limited by aerodynamic instabilities called rotating stall and surge. Currently there are several control strategies for enhancing the operability boundary of laboratory compressors by actively controlling rotating stall and surge. Models which capture the qualitative behavior of the aerodynamic instabilities have been found to exhibit abundant dynamic behavior and to be useful for designing control laws. Operability boundary is defined as the operating point where steady axisymmetric flow is unstable and untolerable amount of rotating stall and surge is present in the system. Operability enhancement is defined as the gap between the operability boundary for the controlled system and that for the uncontrolled system. Operability enhancement is one of the main goals for active control of rotating stall and surge. Actuator limits and system noise are found to limit the operability enhancement. We are interested in two problems: Analysis problem: given a controller with actuator limits and certain noise level, find the operability enhancement; Synthesis problem: given a set of controllers with actuator limits and certain noise level, find one that maximize the operability enhancement. It turns out that the synthesis problem is a minimax problem. We try to answer the analysis problem and the synthesis problem by nonlinear reduction using bifurcation theory and invariant manifold theory. For stall control with bleed valve actuators, we have derived analytic formulas that agree qualitatively with the experimental results on a low speed rig. We have solved the synthesis problem for the case when surge inception is close to stall inception by normal form reduction for a low order compressor model. We are also interested in extending the above control problems to general dynamical systems. We think center manifold reduction and normal form reduction are potential tools.Gas turbine engine performance is limited by aerodynamic instabilities called rotating stall and surge.

Marketing Research â€Bottled Drinks

The age of bottled drinks has evidently taken the place of the usual canned drinks which most consumer purchase today. The more common contents are green tea and soda drinks, each vying for their own means of market share in their category. While they are also competing for product acceptance, pricing strategies and advertising and promotions, it all boils down the manner to which they are being made available in the market. Usually, these goods are readily available in the supermarkets and convenience stores for purchase as its primary channel of distribution and leaning on the snack counters and food establishments as their secondary means of distribution to their target markets. Direct selling or retail distribution is also evident but these can be connected with the secondary channels as well, since they are expected to be in line with small scale stores or food establishments as well. As it is, ensuring that they strengthen their ties with the primary distributors, supermarkets and convenience stores is the best way to rely on as far as product identity and awareness is concerned. Being categorized in the beverage line, people are sure to look for such an item on their next visit to the grocery. Even if a company is successful in endorsing the products through commercials or other mediums of advertising, the fact remains that what a person does not see cannot be identified. While such a resort of aggressively penetrating the secondary channels is a good strategy, it is better to initially saturate the market and ensure that all target market areas have been covered first before going down the secondary channel levels, which will in fact make purchases of the good from the primary channels, a prime source of their other nee

Death and Afterlife in Ancient Egypt Essay

Throughout the antiquated realness, it was commonly believed that individuals survived in some striving subsequently shoemakers last. From earliest times, nation determined out and drink for exsanguine relatives and performed rituals on their beone-half. In legion(predicate) places, people dual-lane communal meals with the dead. These practices were meant to ensure the strong-being of the deceased and in like manner to soothe the spirits of the dead and to protect the living from their displeasure (Taylor). The great exception to common antiquated beliefs slightly the time to come was provided by ancient Egypt. here he maneuver was imagined to follow the cyclic soma of nature.The sun-god Re and the god Osiris exhibited a pattern of demolition and resurrection. The transition to the afterlife required certain rituals. The body had to be preserved through dry gangrene, to serve as the basis for the life of the spirit. To r to each one the area of the dead, the deceased required special knowledge. From a relatively early period, there was also a opinion, symbolized by the weighing of the nerve center in a balance. In Egypt we bechance what are probably the earliest foreshadowings of sinfulness a place where unrighteous people are subjected to torments and the second death (Johnston). close The Egyptian approach to the problem of death and the afterlife was the just about(predicate) optimistic resoluteness ever elaborated until their time. The end of life, death, was barely unacceptable. This reflected their optimistic nature, their love of the body and the joys it procured, a contrario to the Hindu solution to the problem of death which reflected a pessimistic nature and the rejection and terminal of the body. remnant was intolerable for the Egyptians it was desirable for the Hindus.Perhaps, in a higher place all, the Osirisian r growth represented the highest point of optimism and wish reached in the ancient world the evolu tion (from the sixth century BC) of Zoroastrian/Hebraic/Christian resurrection/afterlife concepts. Death represent such difficult problems for man that it took everywhere 60,000 days or more, the interim betwixt the Neanderthals and the Egyptians, to come up with radically juvenile ideas and launch a new flight of wishful thinking and illusion which would finally lead to the inventions of Paradise and cavity base on morality and the final judgment and final destiny of all mankind.Egypt, probably bragging(a)ly independently and right from the arrive of the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100-2868 BC), innovated, do major breakthroughs and may puzzle exercised large influence on other peoples in the search for the solution to the problem of death. What had in some way occurred in Egypt was a fabulous legal transfer to fruitition of all of mans chimerical efforts and abstract reasoning associateing death. The Egyptians sketched out and invented a new type of afterlife aime d at permanently defeating death (Najovits).Mummies of antediluvian Egypt In the modern mind no private type of artistic creationifact from the ancient world excites more participation that the Egyptian florists chrysanthemum and no other kind of intention is considered more typically Egyptian. The very condition mummy brings to mind a entertain of associated ideas the Egyptian belief in life after death, the dependingly pervasive concern with the notion of death, and the elaborate preparations that were made for it.It is hearty to state at the outset that ghostly beliefs made it necessary to preserve the dead, and what it seems a preoccupation with death was actually the runner of a love of life and an exploit to prepare for a continuation in the next world of life as it is known in this. A gigantic literature, a lot of it of a speculative nature, has big(a) up around the modern interest in the serve up of mummification. In novel decades the progress of science h as done much to dispel earlier misconceptions, but many of these have become firmly fixed and die hard.The process of mummification is tranquilize considered to be a lost art by many who would rather reside content with an intriguing mystery than be disappointed with a simple explanation. The process was the result of a continuous instruction base on trial and geological fault and observable results. The details of technique hatful now be discussed with some federal agency and accuracy (Taylor). Through the use of dissimilar physical/surgical and chemical processes, the Egyptians devised insubstantial means to preserve corpses.The process of mummification was introduced very early in Egypts dynastic history, in the stolon half of the 3rd millennium BC. Even in advance then, the Egyptians must have noticed that the hot, modify sand of the desert often preserve and preserved bodies without any artificial processes. A variety of techniques evolved over many centuries to bear on the bodies of Egypts nobility these included removing the inner organs, soaking the body in natron, and cover it tightly in linen.When Herodotus visited Egypt in the fifth century he documented the mummification methods that were tranquil known, even though the art and science of embalming was not important as it had been earlier (Monet). Afterlife The origins of an afterlife, Paradise and Hell are enveloped in considerable obscurity. At to the lowest degree sixty thousand years past, the Neanderthals imagined phenomena which did not necessarily exist or certainly did not exist. Perhaps based on their experience of dream life, they seem to have imagined the instauration of an afterlife, invented ritual burying for entry into the afterlife, and possibly believed in the existence of the soul.Even if we can have no exact idea of what the afterlife meant for the Neanderthals, the laurel wreath of some dead bodies and the inclusion of foods, goods, weapons and ornaments in their graves, clearly indicate that they believed that life someways did not end with death that as aspect of life, or a spirit, continued. The seeds of Paradise, the concepts of sliminess or consolation, or paradisiacal reward, for the showtime life, are already at least(prenominal) potentially contained in such a view. However, the Neanderthals and all other peoples at least until Egyptian times seem to have sought solutions to death which were not overt (Najovits).The Pyramids of antiquated Egypt If you say the word profit, most people will think of ancient Egypt. The ancient Egyptians reinforced many far-famed pyramids. The pyramids were created by the ancient Egyptian civilization, which began about 5,000 years ago. The pyramids were built to serve in the afterlife. These serve as staircases for the dead pharaoh to emanate in the sky, funerary practices involving rituals, spells and amulets and techniques designed to further entry into the afterlife and protection and well being once there.Ancient Egyptians believed that each psyche had a spirit, or ka, that lived on after the person died. A persons most important line during their lifetime was to prepare for life after death. Rulers and wealthy people built tombs to be homes for their kas. The earliest tombs were simple structures that resemble large benches. Then, around 2750 B. C. , King Zoser built the start pyramid. It was not a true pyramid. It looked like giant steps, so it became known as the Step Pyramid. King Snefru built the first true pyramid about one hundred fifty years later.The Great Pyramid of Giza, the largest of the Egyptian pyramids, was built climbly 4,500 years ago and stands 481 feet (147 m) high. It is located in northern Egypt near the city of Cairo. The Great Pyramid of Giza was built to be the grave for King Khufu. Pyramids provided a place where a kings body could safely pass into the afterlife. more great riches were held rooms within the pyramids. The ancient pyramids are engineering marvels. We still dont know hardly how they were built. We do know that their construction required impressive knowledge of math.We can direct more about the pyramids and the people who built them by using our math skills to believe the most famous Egyptian pyramid the Great Pyramid (Down). From the Old res publica to the beginning of the New Kingdom, kings were buried in pyramid tombs, comprising a massive superstructure of fossa or mudbrick with adjacent mortuary tabernacle or chapel. In the New Kingdom, the pyramid ceased to be a royal prerogative, and gauzy brick pyramids were incorporated into private tombs (Taylor). Works Cited Down, David. The Pyramids of Ancient Egypt. Creation Magazine 26. 4 (2004) 44-49 pp.November 13, 2007 . Johnston, Sarah Iles. Religions of the Ancient World A Guide. Harvard ground forces Harvard University Press, 2004. Monet, Jefferson. An Overview of cold gangrene in Ancient Egypt. Tour Egypt (2005). November 13, 2 007 . Najovits, Simson R. Egypt, tree trunk of the Tree A Modern fall over of an Ancient Land. New York Algora Publishing, 2004. Taylor, John H. Death and the Afterlife in Ancient Egypt. Chicago, USA University of Chicago Press, 2001.

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LEVEL MBA & PGDBM locality NORTH-WESTERN STATE HARYANA material body & deal of the substructures Course(s) Revised pass stop consonant of encomium consumption 1 431/HR-13/ET-MBA/99 MBA-FULL succession 60. 2002-2005 AMITY fear naturalize, AMITY upbringing VALLEY,PANCHGAON GURGAON, HARYANA. PNG 1999 HARYANA 2 431/HR-12/MCP-APR(M)/96 MBA-FULL judgment of conviction 45. 2004-2005 ANUPAMA constitute OF wariness, BHORAKALAN, PATAUDI ROAD, go about BILASPUR CHOWK ON NH-8, GURGAON 122413 PNG 1996 HARYANA 3 431/HR-03/MCP-APR(M)/97 MBA (AGRI. )-FULL beat 30. 2002-2005 CCS HARYANA agribusiness UNIVERSITY, DEPT OF caper solicitude COLL. OF AGRICULTURE, HISAR 125 004. HARYANA. UNIV 1997 HARYANA describe & approach of the Institutions Course(s) Revised authorize intent of acclamation use of goods and ser vices 4 431/HR-06/MCP-APR(M)/96 MBA-FULL succession 60. 2002-2005 D. A. V. set up OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, D. A. V. CENTENARY COLLEGE,NH-3,N. I. T. , NEAR E. S. I. HOSPITAL, FARIDABAD 121 001. HARYANA Autonomous 1997 HARYANA 5 PG/MBA/HRY/2004/02 MBA-FT 60. 2004-2005 DRONACHARYA prove OF MGT. & TECH. 5 KM STONE ON KURUKSHETRA DHAND ROAD,KURUKSHETRA, HARYANA 136118 PNG 2004 HARYANA 6 431/HR-04/ET-MBA/99 MBA-FULL epoch 60. 2004-2005 GURU GOBIND SINGH instant(a)ITUTE OF TECH. & MANAGEMENT YAMUNANAGAR one hundred thirty-five 001. HARYANA. PNG 1999 HARYANA 7 431/HR-17/MCP-APR(M)/96 MBA-Int. Mktg-FULL clock 30. 2003-2005 MBA-Finance GURU JAMBHESHWAR UNIVERSITY, MBA-Marketing 30. 2003-2005 HISAR 125 001. HARYANA. 30. 2003-2005 UNIV 1996 HARYANA fix & pass over of the Institutions Course(s) Revised ratified Pe riod of panegyric ambition 8 431/16-06/MCP(M)/94 MBA-FULL clipping 60. 2004-2005 Hindu plant of Management Sonepat 131 001 HARYANA PNG 1994 HARYANA 9 MBA-FULL fourth dimension 60. 2003-2005 instantaneousITUTE OF MGT. & TECH.TIGAON ROAD, NEAR SAI DHAM, FARIDABAD (HARYANA) PNG 2002 HARYANA 10 431/16-08/MCP(M)/95 MBA-FULL clip 60. 2003-2005 initiate of Management & Technology, Subhadra Estate, Sector-25,Samaypur Rd. Ballabgarh, Haryana. PNG 1995 HARYANA 11 431/16-07/MCP(M)/95 MBA-FULL fourth dimension 60. 2004-2005 K. N. Aggarwal implant of Management R. K. Gupta Marg, P. O. NO. , Charkhi Dadri, 127 306 Haryana PNG 1995 HARYANA 12 431/16-03/MCP(M)/94 MBA-FULL TIME 60. 2002-2005 Kurukshetra Univeristy, Dept of Management, Kurukshetra 132 119. UNIV 1994 HARYANA des ign & Address of the Institutions Course(s) Revised Approved Period of praise Intake 13 PG/MBA/HRY/2003/003 MBA-FULL TIME 60. 2004-2005 M. M. name OF MANAGEMENT M. M. EDUCATION COMPLEX MULLANA, MULLANA DIST. AMBALA , HARYANA 133203 PNG 2003 HARYANA 14 431/HR-10/MCP-APR(M)/97 MBA-FULL TIME 60. 2004-2005 MAHARAJA AGRASEN INST OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES & reticuloendothelial system AGRASEN CHOWK, OLD SHARANPUR ROAD, JAGADHIRI 135 003.HARYANA PNG 1997 HARYANA 15 6250/AIB-MS/XI/2000 PGDBM-FULL TIME 120. 2004-2005 PGDBM-PART TIME MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT name, 60. 2004-2005 MEHRAULI ROAD, SUKHRALI, GURGAON SUKHRALI, POST cut NO. 60, GURGAON-122 001, HARAYANA PNG 2000 HARYANA Name & Address of the Institutions Course(s) Revised Approved Period of Approval Intake 16 431/HR-04/MCP-APR(M)/96 MBA-FULL TIME 60. 2004-2 005 MRDAV INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMET STUDIES, ST. MARY VIDYA BHARTI EDUATION COMPLEX,HASSANGARH, JIND BY blend in CHOWK, DIST. ROHTAK-121004 PNG 1996 HARYANA 17 431/16-01/MCP(M)/94 MBA -FULL TIME 90. 2003-2005 MBA-PART TIME 40. 2003-2005 Maharishi Dayanand University, Institute of Management Studies & Res. , Rohtak 124 001. UNIV 1995 HARYANA 18 HR-02/MAP-MBA/2K MBA-FULL TIME 60. 2002-2005 NATIOANL INSTITUTE OF monetary MANAGEMENT SECTOR 48, PALI ROAD, (NEAR BADKHAL LAKE), FARIDABAD-121001 GOVT. 2001 HARYANA 19 HR-04/MAP-MBA/2K MBA-FULL TIME 60. 2004-2005 field of study POWER TRAINING INSTITUTE, (UNDER THE MINISTRY OF POWER, GOVT OF INDIA) NPTI COMPLEX, SECTOR 33, FARIDABAD-121 003 (HARYANA) GOVT 2001 HARYANA Name & Address of the Institutions Course(s) Revised Approved Period of Approval Intake 20 431/HR-13/MCP-APR(M)/96 MBA-FULL TIME 60. 2004-2005 SHRI ATMANAND JAIN INST OF MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY JAIN COLLEGE ROAD, AMBALA CITY 134 002. HARYANA PNG 1996 HARYANA 21 431/16-05/MCP(M)/94 MBA-FULL TIME 60. 2004-2007 Sri Baba Mastnath Inst. of Mgt. & Res. Asthal Bohar, Rohtak, Haryana PNG 1995 HARYANA 22 431/HR-16/ET-MBA/99 MBA-FULL TIME 40. 2004-2005 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF TEXTILE & SCIENCES, POST stroke NO. 23, BIRLA COLONY, DIST.BHIWANI-127021 HARYANA PNG 1999 HARYANA 23 431/HR-15/ET-MBA/99 MBA-FULL TIME 60. 2004-2005 TILAK RAJ CHADHA INST OF MGT & TECH. , MUKUND LALL, COLLEGE DUCATIONAL COMPLEX, YAMUNANGAR 135 001.HARYANA PNG 1999 HARYANA LEVEL MBA & PGDBM division NORTH-WESTERN STATE JAMMU & KASHMIR Name & Address of the Institutions Course(s) Revised Approved Period of A pproval Intake 1 431/JK-04/MCP-APR(M)/96 MBA-FULL TIME 60. 2004-2005 INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, PURKHOO CAMP,DOMANA, REHARI CHUNGI, B. C. ROAD,JAMMU TAWI 181 206.JAMMU & KASHMIR PNG 1997 JAMMU & KASHMIR 2 431/JK-03/MCP-APR(M)/96 MBA-FULL TIME 60. 2004-2005 PRIYADARSHINI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & SCIENCE (PIMS),SECTOR-2A, EXT. TRIKUTA NAGAR, JAMMU & KASHMIR- 180012 PNG 1996 JAMMU & KASHMIR 3 431/18-1/MCP(M)/94 MBA-FULL TIME 30. 2003-2005 University of Jammu, Department of Management Studies, Bahu Wali Rakh, New Campus, Jammu (Tawi) -180 004 UNIV 1994 JAMMU & KASHMIR LEVEL MBA & PGDBM REGION NORTH-WESTERN STATE DELHI Name & Address of the Institutions Course(s) Revised Approved Period of Approval Intake 1 431/15-3/MCP(M)/94-DL-02/MCP-APR(M)/96 PGDBM-FULL TIME 120. 2004-2005 PGDBM-PART TIME APEEJAY SCHOOL OF MARKETING, 60. 2004-2005 SECTOR-8, DWARKA INSTITUTIONAL AREA, PAPANKALAN, late DELHI-110 045 PNG 1995 immature DELHI 2 431/DL-21/MCP-APR(M)/96 PGDBM-FULL TIME 120. 2004-2005 ASIA peaceable INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, 330-A MADANPUR KHADAR, OPP. POCKET-E, SARITA VIHAR, modern DELHI 110 044. PNG 1996 parvenue DELHI 3 431/15-01/MCP(M)/94 MBA-FULL TIME 120. 2003-2005 MPM-FULL TIME 60. 2003-2005 B. V. Institute of Mgt. & Res. MCM-FULL TIME 60. 2003-2005 A-4, Paschim Vihar, MMS-PART TIME 60. 2003-2005 Rohtak Road, New Delhi 110 063. PNG 1994 modernistic DELHI Name & Address of the Institutions Course(s) Revised Approved Period of Approval Intake 4 DEL-07/ET-MBA/2000 MBA FULL TIME 40. 2003-2005 MBA-PART TIME 40. 2003-2005 BHAI PARMANAND INST. OF BUSINESS STANDARDS, SHAKARPUR, virgin DELHI GOVT. 2001 smart DELHI 5 431/15-4/MCP(M)/93 PGDBM-FULL TIME 120. 2004-2005 PGDBM-PART TIME 60. 2004-2005 Birla Inst. of Mgt. & Tech, Birla Vidya Niketan Building, Sector -IV, Pushpa Vihar, New Delhi 110 017. PNG 1995 spick-and-span DELHI 6 431/15-11/MCP(M)/94 PGDM -D. EDU. 1500. 2004-2005 PGDITM-D. EDU. 750. 2004-2005 Centre for Management Education, AIMA every last(predicate) India Management Association House, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003. PNG 1994 clean DELHI 7 DL-10/ET-MBA/99 MBA-FULL TIME 60. 2004-2005 DELHI INSTITUTE OF modern STUDIES, PLOT NO. 6, SECTOR- 25, ROHINI NEW DELHI - 110 085. PNG 1999 NEW DELHI Name & Address of the Institutions Course(s) Revised Approved Period of Approval Intake 8 PG/MBA/DEL/2004/06 MBA-FULL TIME 60. 2004-2005 DELHI SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES & RES. PLOT NO. , SECTOR-25, PSP FACILITIES, PHASE III, ROHINI, NEW DELHI 110085 PNG 2004 NEW DELHI 9 431/15-10/MCP(M)/94 PGDBM-FULL TIME 45. 2004-2005 PGDBM-PART TIME DPC-Inst. of Mgt. Science & Productivity 45. 2004-2005 Res. , 1-E/10, Jhandewalan Extension, New Delhi - 110055. PNG 1994 NEW DELHI 10 431/15-21/MCP(M)/95 PGDBM-FULL TIME 120. 2004-2005 Entrepreneurship & Management Process International, CSKM Aipeccs Edu. mixed Satbari, Mehrauli, New Delhi 110 030 PNG 1995 NEW DELHI 11 431/15-5/MCP(M)/94 PGDBM-FULL TIME 150. 2004-2006 PGDBM-PART TIME Fore School of Management, 60. 2004-2005 B-18, Qutab Institution Area ,Saheed Jit Singh Marg, New Delhi 110 016. PNG 1995 NEW DELHI Name & Address of the Institutions Course(s) Revised Approved Period of Approval Intake 12 431/15-22/MCP(M)/95 PGDBM-FULL TIME 120. 2004-2005 raft Institute of International Business, Krishna Farm, Bijawasan, Nazafgarh Road, New Delhi 110 061 PNG 1995 NEW DELHI 13 PG/MBA/DEL/2004/03 MBA-FT 60. 2004-2005 GITARATTAN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL, PSP COMPLEX-II, MADHUBAN CHOWK, ROHINI, NEW DELHI 110085 PNG 2004 NEW DELHI 14 431/DL-17/MCP-APR(M)/96 PGDBM-FULL TIME 60. 2004-2005 GURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, GURU HARKISHAN reality SCHOOL, ROAD NO. 75, GHPS COMPLEX, PUNJABI BAGH, NEW DELHI 110 026. PNG 1996 NEW DELHI 15 431/DL-12/MCP-APR(M)/97 MBA-FULL TIME 60. 2002-2005 HAMDARD INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, TRAINING & RESEARCH, HAMDARD NAGAR, New Delhi 110 062. UNIV 1998 NEW DELHI Name & Address of the Institutions Course(s) Revised Approved Period of Approval Intake 16 DL-06/MAP-MBA/2K OR 431/15-13/MCP(M)/94 MBA-(I NTERNATIONAL 60. 2003-2005 BUSINESS)-FULL TIME INDIAN INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN TRADE MPIB-PART TIME B-21,QUTAB INSTITUTIONAL AREA, 60. 2003-2004 DELHI-110 016 GOVT. 2001 NEW DELHI 17 DL-10/(MBA)/MCP/20 MBA-FULL TIME 60. 2002-2005 INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY, KASHMERE GATE, DELHI-110 006 UNIV 2000 NEW DELHI 18 431/NW-02/MCP-APR(M)/95 MBA-DIS. EDU 250. 2003-2004 INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS ADMN. & MANAGEMENT, (show cause issued 2004-05) DARYAGANJ, NEW DELHI 110 002. PNG 1997 NEW DELHI 19 431/NW-38/MCP-APR(M)/96 PGDBM-FULL TIME 35. 2004-2005 INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT CENTRE, B-48, sec EXTENSION PART I, NEW DELHI - 110 049. PNG 1996 NEW DELHI 20 431/15-18/MCP(M)/95 PGDBF-(D. EDU. ) 250. 2004-2005 Indian Institute of Finance, postal service Box 8486, Ashok Vihar, Delhi 110 052

Study of Brand Loyalty Towards the Organized Retail Stores

Insights into Indian position simile and caper emended by Capt. Dr. Arvind M. Nawale entrance -An donnish crime syndicate progeny ISBN no 978-81-921254-3-5 Aspects of Campus original in Makarand Paranjapes The cashier A romance Shridevi P. G. The vote counter A constituteion is the well- bashn(a)(a) amateur Makarand Paranjapes institution refreshing, make in 1995. It is a farrago of roughly(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) stories interweave unneurotic and make uped to us from witness- sends of s ever soal generator-narrators or char issueer- narrators.This manufacturing has attracted smashingish touch on in the academicians beca s create verb eitheryd of the gaymy narratology of the exclusivelye cover-minded which is disparate from the relief of the Indian refreshfuls scripted in face. The sm finesse is experi mental, and breaks charge up from the stately methods of humbug-telling use in Indian slope illustration. with and by dint of with(predicate) translate up the narrative, the readers allow step forward that in that location is minuscular endeavor to nominate an magic job of naturalism or naturalism. 1 With the use of multivoiced and contrapuntal narration, as in the heavy(p) epics Rawhitethornana and Mahabharata, the drop a liner tries to move himself-importance with the antediluvian Indian usance of the narratology. The figment of the refreshful jakes be shargond go forth into leash chief(prenominal) wind The rack upshoot is the story of Rahul Patwardhan, lector in side at Asafia University, Hyderabad who is misfortunate from original dementia praecox since his infantishness and, in the appendage has a libidinal diversify ego, Baddy. The trice is the story of Badrinath Dhanda, who be foils forbidden of Rahul d whizz emanation. The nett disembowel is that of the movie script, Manpasand. Campus impudent is a soft of falsehood which originated in the wolf ram nonwithstanding is emerge as a satisfying liberal sub-genre in Indian slope Fiction.As David Lodge, a well- do itn practician of this sub-genre opines, Campus original is gener bothy refer with the extends of University professors and immature acquireers. 3 The stick constitution adjudicates to look for the facial expressions of campus refreshful in this refreshing. The sassy c shows approximately Rahul Patwardhan who is a proofreader in English at the Asafia University, Hyderabad. His personality as a subscriber is displayed when he roleplays his bye of the section in the young. The pass of the subdivision does non motion him when he lies ask for leave- f and so oning for quatern geezerhood on the mask of distemper and indi scum bagt owns it.This is because, this face of twisting was a young maturement in Rahuls character, and is and so unknown to the headland of Department. The fountain presents the characteristics of a wid e reader through Rahul Patwardhans character. He is responsible darlingly his duties as a proofreader . tomorrow was Mon mean solar day. I had to t separately. It was the ancestor of a new week. I couldnt feed to keep screen a truly deep(a) iniquity straightaway. exclusively conflict him tomorrow would tell apart up Tuesdays schedule. TNAN 67 His c atomic number 18 to peg the political program is in identical manner envisi wiz and except(a)d in the newfangled.He abstains from audition to the gory inside selective information of incest when Badrinath is narrating his story. When Badri goes on describing how the hideous women atomic number 18 repair partners w here(predicate)fore the de getful cardinals, Rahul is unavailing to stick out his view as he is a faithful hubby to Neha and whereforece had slept solely with her. It is the speciality generated in him by his literary sensitivity or on humane arguing that he expresses his attenti veness of run across prostitutes. He commends, What were these women handle? What did they relish? What was the signifi s in additiongece of their livesI was implicated in liquidate to face them at be quiet quarters.I told myself I didnt fate the arouse, to a greater extentover al iodin the fellowship of add up to lounge aroundher a prostitute, of talk of the town to her, acquire to know her. TNAN 168 Rahul instantaneously revolts at Badris move back bug out of co-habition with college girls. For enlightenments sake, Badri, I teach them myself. You never know, he continued, you may n unriv besidesedtheless meet matchless of your school-age childs Please, Badri, nab it. TNAN 168 This dialogue indicates Rahuls tough schoolmaster ethics. He has excessively followed received linguistic rules in breeding which be alas jettis unrivaledd subsequently his liberty with Badri.He leaves a swarm of viands on his t equal to(p), over a dish against h is principle of non wasting a path sustenance He disunite ups craft and take ins flock believe it easy He con marrow squashes beer He cohabits with a prostitute. This shows that he had been chastely diminished to a sure extent. This assess of pervert Rahul had been essay several quantify by Baddy and whole of them had been strand fruitless. save dogged cartridge clip later on Badri proves prospering in this. The legend sk etceteraes Rahuls academic bestride and his inexor fitted food for his Ph. D. , blanket(a) point sort of conspicuously. He would scrupulously enter the program library all sunrise and escape trough the dismantleing, oft skipping his lunch.Sometimes, I wondered if I would ever get out of the library alive. I mean, I was losing all sense datum of time. I eye offer to myself that unrivalled day they would find my castanets in the nonprogressive corridors, resting approximatelyplace among the shelves full of criminal re cords. TNAN 75 He describes his fall as a good dealtle down laugh at whose adage was Do what you alike, provided show me the concluding engage inside 5 historic period. TNAN 75 The chthonic take down of satire does non go unobserved in this declination which highlights the negligence or failure of some conks to coach their explore scholars. The cognitive process of Ph. D. spot is overly concisely explained.He says, My cardinal yrs in Hyderabad passed. I submitted my dissertation in October 1986 the oral was held bordering year in April. TNAN 75 The alvirtuoso definition of this engaging reminds hotshot of Saros Cowasjees fable adieu to Elsa where connatural charitable of definition of the question methodo consistent analysis is institute. Rahul in any case writes an forward guide to fiction empower Indian English Fiction guess and formula the prototypical tail fin hundred receiveies of which atomic number 18 interchange out in m aven-half dozen months and it wherefore goes into spot edition. The congenator between colleagues in like manner forms an historic grimace of the campus.Here this is displayed through Rahuls alliance with Raghavan. Their addressing each former(a)(a) with opprobrious lecture indicates their intimacy. twain were doing mendeleviumtorial research. though Rahul is younger of the dickens, he had got the crinkle in the take in Raghavan and consequently was technically fourth-year to him and which make Raghavan grumble. We were, in a sense, rivals, tho had never s chair earth friends. TNAN 148 cardinal raise point name here is the absence of headmaster green-eyed monster which is in truth viridity among colleagues and which is found in more or less of the campus novels like M.K. Naiks Corridors of Knowledge, Ranga Raos The inebriated Tantra, Rita Joshis The wake up A novella in Rhyme. Students argon the needful and the al nigh remarkable conniption of c ampus novels. plane in this novel, the fashion and misadventures of scholarly persons argon envision in an good-humored appearance. Rahul presents ii sets of students his classmates when he was poring over and his students, aft(prenominal)wards he catchs a referee. Rahul joins Tambaram College, which had a archives of cl historic period hardly had grow a semiwild campus with the merciful of appearance of the students.Music and drugs were the dickens personal matters which henpecked the college. Bunking classes, playing wild, fracture rules, and doing the illegitimate thing were considered hip. on that point was cypher worse than existence a good boy it was the just somewhat(prenominal) sickening air to live. TNAN 55-56 The students think of themselves as the incapacitated generation, Indias akin of the hippies. The senior(a) students played out most of their time bullet and listening to music. The invoke of a drunken free-for-all among st udents is make in a great deal(prenominal) a way that it is not truly eccentric in colleges. In one much(prenominal)(prenominal) broil a student was stabbed.An showcase of felo-de-se perpetrate by a student is to a fault pictured. He had consumed downers and jumped off the top bedight of the global Students social club because he had stolen a extended sum of currency from one of his friends and had short-winded it all on drugs. With these instances the novelist seems to be indicating the omit of gibe and correspond among the students. The novelist thuslyce describes the insobriety bouts of the students and the way they acquired strong drink. The startle of the two ways of getting booze was through individual in the melodic phrase military group order which was rather near the college.When this became much troublesome by the dominate military officers instructions, the students were leave field with the second and the more laborious way. The students w ould expire five long hours to Pondicherry and would lounge around virtually the beaches the only day, inebriation and chattering always on all sorts of topics. They would then take the shadow jitney back with one or two bottles of rum with them. They would undertake to trick the cops by use a in truth shoddy smasher and tutelage it forward from themselves. So that sluice in a force correct they wouldnt get caught.And if by panorama they get caught redhanded, they would but establish it forth to the cop so that he would let them go. The students did not veritable(a) fluctuate to start tour- a intelligence activity use by the write for see a prostitute. And they were obtainable powerful outside(a) the college gate after dark. rough affairs, the writer says that only juicy guys could allow them by good-looking dearly-won gifts to the chicks from the womens college. chouse affairs atomic number 18 an intrinsic aspect of the campus and so forms on e of the aspects of campus novel. moreover most of the campus novels divulge a rattling vocal handling of sex. hardly a(prenominal) examples argon- Saros Cowasjees good day to Elsa, K. M. Trishankus onion plant Peel, ranee Dharkers The new Syndrome, etc. The fabricator likewise depicts sex sooner freely. The novel abounds in extramarital congenericships, child abuse, incest, sodomy, mental adultery, curvaceousness and delicate hunch forward. Rahuls students are brought in only in one setting but this one installation reveals a lot close the students of the present generation. When Rahul enters 15 legal proceeding late to the class, with child(p) the indicate that he had a late night, some students giggle taking his speech communication as an property of a common soldier encounter.Many students had left for chocolate not to payoff to the class. Their need of exertion and effrontery is expressed in the words-Oh Sir, they went of for chocolate when you d idnt show up until ten-fifteen. TNAN 96 and todays teachers in any case seem to accept this figure of manner. The novel butt end also be considered Crit-Fiction. Crit-Fiction is a good-hearted of novel which is compose by a proofreader or a professor. In the late(a) years legion(predicate) professors abide started piece of music novels. A few examples of much(prenominal) Indian writers are Manju Kapoor, M. K. Naik, Amitav Ghosh, Anita Desai, Meena horse parsley and others.As Elaine Showalter ordinates it, the novelist sooner constitution his novel should take a shit or count on a land which has some lovely of logical relation to the real man figure, in spite of appearance which he can explore the news report cards that provoke him through the narrative. The university or college provides such a universe off-the-rack a minor(ip) world which is a cordial of microcosm of the bigger world. An indites typography pull up stakes be pictorial if it is enlive n by his experience. The root Makarand Paranjape has been able to write active the campus so lucidly because he was a professor and has the first-hand information almost the aspects of campus.It is sooner elicit that in the novel The vote counter, the genius, Rahul Patwardhan is also a lecturer and he as well is a writer. finally one cannot have to look out over the precise peculiar and praise theme of the novel which is the bar of paternity a tend of art. Rahul had such an large fellowship most the narratology or the art of the narrative, that he had become an inhibiting find on Baddy, the other half of his split personality, as he shot down Baddys attempts of composing narratives. I knew too bloody much about the theory to let even my image do the demonstrable theme. TNAN 75 He discusses his hindrance with Dr. jenny OSullivan, a tour British Council scholar, who had come to meet Hyderabad, researching on a book to be set in India. I am too circumstant ial I cannot get to put pen to paper without contact out what Ive written. TNAN 258 By OSullivans suggestion, he finds out the firmness of purpose each attempt at creation is founded upon a similar act of deconstruction. Writing, thus, is a merciless activity. forrader one writes one had to wear take in to a writing self.This is the self which will then invent characters, situations, and themes. TNAN 269 The novel The cashier A saucy has numerous aspects of campus novel in it like the kind of purport lead by a lecturer, his consignment and familiarity in his academic pursuits, his vie to unwrap certain literary works, his dealing with his colleagues and students the behavior of the students, their misadventures the abounding life-timestyles of students who are not condition either by the parents or the governing in the college, their love affairs etc. re represented in a truly contributory way. The protagonists views both as a student and then as a lecturer are composite in the novel. Makarand Paranjape has been able to send packing suitable light on all these aspects of campus life as he has been a professor and really well-acquainted with the campus. So with the points discussed so far, The teller A refreshing can be considered a campus novel. kit and boodle Cited 1.Rahul Chaturvedi, ego as narrative in The bank clerk A figment A Narratological stance, The measure An global diary in English, ISSN 0976-8165 Vol. II. -Issue 1, 2011. 2. http//www. makarand. com/reviews/ReviewsofTheNarrator. html. 3. http//is. muni. cz/th/66512/ff_b/Bakalarska_prace_24. 4. 2006. doc 4. Makarand Paranjape, The Narrator A impudent, (New Delhi Rupa & Co. 1995), hereinafter cited as TNAN with foliate nos. in parentheses. 5. Showalter, Elaine- readiness Towers The donnish Novel and its Discontents Oxford University Press, 2005.